Morphology Dynamics of Ice Cover in a River Bend Revealed by the UAV-GPR and Sentinel-2

After the formation of bend ice cover, thickness is not uniformly distributed, and an open-water area usually formed downstream bend. The spatial temporal variation in seven cross sections was determined via Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Ground Penetrating Radar (UAV-GPR) technology traditional borehole measurements. plane morphology change open water observed by Sentinel-2. results show that average dielectric permittivity GPR 3.231, 3.249, 3.317 on three surveys (5 January 2022, 16 February 25 2022) Yellow River growing period, respectively. 0.402 m, 0.509 0.633 concave bank larger than convex bank. first shrinks rapidly longitudinally then slowly transversely. vertical boundary composed two arcs, which slope Arc I (close to surface) steeper II, hazardous distance 10.3 m. increased flow mostly affected I. Finally, we discuss hummocky flat images physical factors affecting detection accuracy, as well ice-thickness banks relation channel curvature.